A linear spring, viscous damping, constant coefficients, and no external forcing.
m
mass kg
c
damping kg s−1
k
stiffness N m−1
First-order state: x, v = dx/dt↓
Explicit Euler · one stepPython
# x: displacement; v: velocity
a = -(c * v + k * x) / m
# Both use the old state
x_next = x + dt * v
v_next = v + dt * a
x is displacement (m); v is velocity (m s−1), and dt is Δt (s). Assume m > 0, c ≥ 0, k > 0, and Δt > 0. Every term in the governing equation is a force (N). This code illustrates a discretization; it is not a validated simulation.
Method
A traceable path from theory to implementation.
01
Physical Principles
Identify the system and relevant balance laws. Make units, dimensions, and physical interactions explicit.
02
Mathematical Modeling
State assumptions, variables, parameters, and initial or boundary conditions. Define the model’s domain of validity.
03
Numerical Methods
Choose a discretization appropriate to the governing problem. Examine consistency, stability, and convergence.
04
Implementation
Translate the method into readable Python, with reproducible inputs and time grids consistent with the update rule.
05
Verification & Interpretation
Compare with analytical or independent reference solutions. Quantify error and distinguish numerical verification from physical validation.
Code execution alone does not establish numerical accuracy. Verification checks the calculation; validation evaluates the model against independent physical evidence.
Investigations
Published projects
Governing models, executable notebooks, and the evidence behind the results.
Published investigation
How Long Does a Hot Sphere Take to Cool?
Heat Transfer
ODE
Python
Numerical Verification
A lumped-capacitance heat-transfer investigation: deriving the cooling model, implementing explicit Euler integration, and checking analytical agreement, step-size convergence, limiting behavior, and discrete energy balance. This is an idealized teaching model, not an experimental measurement.
Fields of interest, rather than a catalogue of completed work.
Dynamics & Differential Equations
Heat Transfer
Fluid Mechanics
Numerical Computation
About the project
An independent, long-term investigation.
Equation to Code is an independent project devoted to translating governing equations into reproducible computational experiments, with particular attention to physical interpretation, numerical accuracy, and engineering relevance.
The detailed work belongs in version-controlled notebooks and repositories: assumptions, derivations, implementations, experiments, and their limitations.